{"id":558449,"date":"2026-08-27T23:30:35","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T22:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/?p=558449"},"modified":"2026-08-27T16:17:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T15:17:21","slug":"bitcoin-now-has-a-quantum-computing-escape-route-but-7-million-btc-may-still-be-exposed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/bitcoin-now-has-a-quantum-computing-escape-route-but-7-million-btc-may-still-be-exposed\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitcoin now has a quantum computing escape route, but 7 million BTC may still be exposed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/coins\/bitcoin\/\">Bitcoin<\/a> has confirmed a quantum-resistant transaction on mainnet using its existing consensus rules, showing that some holders could migrate funds away from future quantum risk without waiting for a protocol upgrade.<\/p>\n<p>The Aug. 26 <a href=\"https:\/\/mempool.space\/tx\/305a24ffea912b9cf428f29ebf952321c96dab5bab284fc0d0801562f5abab07\">transaction<\/a> used a construction developed by StarkWare researcher Avihu Levy that shifts the critical spending condition away from elliptic-curve signatures and toward hash-based security. It was included in block 964,199 after being submitted directly to <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/companies\/marathon-digital\/\">Bitcoin miner MARA through its Slipstream service.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>StarkWare <a href=\"https:\/\/starkware.co\/blog\/the-first-quantum-safe-bitcoin-transaction-has-been-mined\/\">described<\/a> the transaction as the first quantum-safe spend on Bitcoin mainnet. Earlier experiments explored post-quantum approaches in Bitcoin Script and on Blockstream\u2019s Liquid sidechain, but this test showed that Bitcoin itself could accept a hash-based spending path without changing consensus rules.<\/p>\n<p>However, the workaround does not make Bitcoin quantum-safe.<\/p>\n<p>StarkWare Chief Executive Eli Ben-Sasson said the test should not be interpreted as evidence that Bitcoin is already prepared for quantum computing. He argued that broader soft-fork solutions are still needed to protect the network at scale.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA quantum-safe Bitcoin tx on mainnet\u201d proves that workable approaches exist, Ben-Sasson said, while warning that the main task remains building a migration path before quantum hardware becomes capable of threatening exposed keys.<\/p>\n<h2>How Quantum-Safe Bitcoin operates<\/h2>\n<p>For many Bitcoin addresses, the public key stays concealed behind a hash until the holder spends from that address. That delay matters because a future quantum attacker would need the public key before attempting to derive the corresponding private key.<\/p>\n<p>Levy\u2019s Quantum-Safe Bitcoin, or QSB, construction uses that window to move eligible coins into a hash-based spending condition before the classical public key is revealed.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/exec-06616ae8-b442-4917-b358-1ff9af1650bc.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-558478\" src=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/exec-06616ae8-b442-4917-b358-1ff9af1650bc.png\" alt=\"Bitcoin now has a quantum computing escape route, but 7 million BTC may still be exposed\" width=\"720\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/exec-06616ae8-b442-4917-b358-1ff9af1650bc.png 1122w, https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/exec-06616ae8-b442-4917-b358-1ff9af1650bc-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/exec-06616ae8-b442-4917-b358-1ff9af1650bc-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/exec-06616ae8-b442-4917-b358-1ff9af1650bc-768x960.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"733\" data-end=\"1070\">The method works by repeatedly varying candidate transaction data until it produces a hash that Bitcoin accepts as a validly formatted signature. That computation takes place before the transaction is broadcast, shifting the security assumption away from elliptic-curve cryptography and toward the difficulty of reversing hash functions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1072\" data-end=\"1318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/trumps-quantum-computing-push-puts-449-billion-in-exposed-bitcoin-back-in-the-limelight\/\">Quantum computers<\/a> can also accelerate attacks on hashes, but the advantage is far smaller than the one Shor\u2019s algorithm provides against public-key cryptography. That gives QSB a potential migration path for coins whose public keys remain hidden.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"cs-article-embed\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/latest-quantum-computer-breaks-the-math-behind-bitcoin-headlines-massively-exaggerate-risk\/\" class=\"cs-article-embed__link\">\n        <div class=\"cs-article-embed__body\">\n            <span class=\"cs-article-embed__related-reading\">Related Reading<\/span>\n            <h3 class=\"cs-article-embed__title\">Latest &#8220;quantum computer breaks the math behind Bitcoin&#8221; headlines massively exaggerate risk<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <span class=\"cs-article-embed__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <i class=\"fa-light fa-arrow-up-right\"><\/i>\n        <\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p data-start=\"1320\" data-end=\"1581\">The protection does not extend to coins whose public keys are already visible. Older pay-to-public-key outputs, Taproot outputs, and reused addresses remain exposed because a future quantum attacker could target those keys before the owner completed a migration.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1583\" data-end=\"1635\">QSB also remains impractical for routine wallet use.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1637\" data-end=\"1953\">Although the transaction is valid under Bitcoin\u2019s consensus rules, it is nonstandard under default node policy and therefore will not normally propagate through the public mempool. StarkWare had to submit the transaction directly to MARA through Slipstream, its service for handling certain nonstandard transactions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1955\" data-end=\"2181\">The required computation adds another barrier. StarkWare said the mainnet test cost several hundred dollars, while the project\u2019s open-source repository estimates roughly $75 to $150 for some configured cloud-GPU search phases.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2183\" data-end=\"2322\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Those constraints leave QSB as a specialized escape route for some holders rather than a scalable answer to Bitcoin\u2019s broader quantum risk.<\/p>\n<h2>Bitcoin\u2019s larger quantum problem remains unresolved<\/h2>\n<p>The demonstration arrives as quantum risk moves further into <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/galaxy-puts-5-million-behind-bitcoins-race-to-migrate-before-quantum-risk-arrives\/\">institutional planning<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Roughly 7 million BTC are considered potentially vulnerable because their public keys are already visible through older address formats, Taproot usage, or address reuse. QSB does not provide a rescue path for those coins.<\/p>\n<p>In July, BlackRock, Coinbase, Strategy, and six other institutions formed the Bitcoin Security Consortium and pledged a combined $15 million over three years toward <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/460-billion-bitcoin-risk-draws-blackrock-coinbase-and-strategy-into-15m-quantum-computing-defense-push\/\">Bitcoin security research<\/a>, including post-quantum cryptography. Members direct the funding independently rather than through a common pool.<\/p>\n<p>The US Treasury has also <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/bitcoins-7-million-coin-quantum-problem-just-reached-the-us-treasury\/\">brought digital assets into the financial sector\u2019s broader quantum-readiness planning.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>That leaves Bitcoin with two separate challenges: developing migration tools for holders whose keys remain hidden and finding a protocol-level answer for coins already exposed.<\/p>\n<p>The Aug. 26 transaction shows that the first problem has at least one working mainnet solution. The second, which covers millions of Bitcoin, still requires a broader answer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A mainnet QSB transaction passed consensus, yet nonstandard relay, high computation costs and exposed keys limit the escape route.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":720,"featured_media":558559,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77968,2376,80837,37],"tags":[81073,78295,77485],"post_folder":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.9 (Yoast SEO v21.9.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Bitcoin just proved it could survive a quantum attack<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The first quantum-safe mainnet spend shows that some Bitcoin holders can migrate without a soft fork, but the biggest risk bucket remains unresolved.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/bitcoin-now-has-a-quantum-computing-escape-route-but-7-million-btc-may-still-be-exposed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bitcoin now has a quantum computing escape route, but 7 million BTC may still be exposed\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The first quantum-safe mainnet spend shows that some Bitcoin holders can migrate without a soft fork, but the biggest risk bucket remains unresolved.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/bitcoin-now-has-a-quantum-computing-escape-route-but-7-million-btc-may-still-be-exposed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CryptoSlate\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-27T22:30:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-27T15:17:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/bitcoin-miner-side-door.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Oluwapelumi Adejumo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@cryptoslate\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@cryptoslate\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Oluwapelumi Adejumo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/bitcoin-now-has-a-quantum-computing-escape-route-but-7-million-btc-may-still-be-exposed\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/bitcoin-now-has-a-quantum-computing-escape-route-but-7-million-btc-may-still-be-exposed\/\"},\"author\":{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/author\/oluwapelumi-adejumo\/#person\",\"name\":\"Oluwapelumi Adejumo\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/author\/oluwapelumi-adejumo\/\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/author\/oluwapelumi-adejumo\/\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/author\/oluwapelumi-adejumo\/#authorimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/profile-oluwapelumi-adejumo-1-300x300.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/profile-oluwapelumi-adejumo-1-300x300.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Oluwapelumi Adejumo\"},\"jobTitle\":\"Senior Reporter\",\"description\":\"Oluwapelumi values Bitcoin's potential. 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