{"id":566210,"date":"2026-09-27T16:00:37","date_gmt":"2026-09-27T15:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/?p=566210"},"modified":"2026-09-27T14:54:51","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T13:54:51","slug":"bitcoins-bip138-draft-shows-why-a-seed-may-not-rescue-a-multisig-wallet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/bitcoins-bip138-draft-shows-why-a-seed-may-not-rescue-a-multisig-wallet\/","title":{"rendered":"New Bitcoin proposal rescues locked multisig wallets – At a hidden cost"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bitcoin's BIP138 wallet-backup proposal was merged into the Bitcoin Improvement Proposals repository<\/a> on Sept. 21, but the specification remains Draft. It aims to preserve information that a seed phrase may not restore in a complex wallet. The tradeoff is that a third party could read that information if it already holds an eligible extended public key, or xpub, and obtains a copy of the encrypted backup.<\/p>\n

A multisignature wallet requires more than one signer. Its descriptor<\/a> records the public keys and spending rules that tell wallet software how to reconstruct the account and find its coins. A seed phrase can regenerate one signer's private keys, but losing the descriptor can still leave a multisig or miniscript script impossible to reconstruct from that seed alone.<\/p>\n

The proposal describes another failure: a wallet designed to survive the loss of one seed may also lose that signer's public key. The remaining signers can then lack a piece of the script needed to recover the coins. These are risks for wallets whose spending setup depends on information beyond a seed, not a claim that every Bitcoin wallet needs this backup.<\/p>\n\n

\n \n
\n Related Reading<\/span>\n

A flaw in Coldcard seed generation lets attackers recreate private keys from the press of a button<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n \n <\/i>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n

BIP138's answer is an encrypted file holding descriptors, wallet policies or other non-seed metadata. Private key material must be removed before encryption. A holder of an eligible xpub from the backed-up wallet can decrypt a copy without the wallet's seed. That reveals public keys and script structure needed for recovery, while the xpub alone does not give the holder the private keys required to sign.<\/p>\n

The draft sets limits on who can decrypt. Public keys that appear directly in a script, and xpub roots that could be exposed by spending, are excluded as recovery keys. If a cosigner's key is excluded, that person cannot use it to open the file. Those limits keep an on-chain public key from becoming a key to the off-chain backup.<\/p>\n

\"BIP138<\/a><\/p>\n

The privacy warning<\/a> concerns an xpub disclosed before the multisig wallet was made. If a wallet-service server already knows an account xpub and that same xpub is reused as an eligible multisig key, the server could decrypt the backup if it gets a copy. It could learn the wallet metadata inside, though this would not itself give it spending authority. The BIP describes a conditional exposure, not a reported breach.<\/p>\n\n

\n \n
\n Related Reading<\/span>\n

Bitcoin\u2019s newest mobile privacy feature can make your incoming money completely invisible<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n \n <\/i>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n

A public Rust implementation with command-line build instructions<\/a> exists. The BIP says Liana, a Bitcoin wallet<\/a>, uses an earlier backup format that is incompatible with the current BIP138 file. The proposal's merge therefore establishes a published draft, not a Bitcoin network change or a guarantee that today's wallets can create and restore this format.<\/p>\n\n

\n \n
\n Related Reading<\/span>\n

Popular Bitcoin wallets risk losing support for new hardware devices as critical security bridge stops accepting new devices<\/h3>\n <\/div>\n \n <\/i>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Its proposed descriptor backup could aid recovery, while an eligible xpub already known to a server may expose the encrypted file’s metadata.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1264,"featured_media":566234,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,77968,60206],"tags":[81073,77925],"post_folder":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNew Bitcoin proposal rescues locked multisig wallets - At a hidden cost<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"BIP138's draft descriptor backup could aid multisig recovery, but a server with an eligible xpub and a copy of the file could read its metadata.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/bitcoins-bip138-draft-shows-why-a-seed-may-not-rescue-a-multisig-wallet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New Bitcoin proposal rescues locked multisig wallets - 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