{"id":571249,"date":"2026-10-12T09:30:49","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T08:30:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/?p=571249"},"modified":"2026-10-12T00:33:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T23:33:46","slug":"solana-sandwich-bots-took-29-7-million-before-costs-bitquery-estimates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/solana-sandwich-bots-took-29-7-million-before-costs-bitquery-estimates\/","title":{"rendered":"Solana sandwich bots took $29.7 million before costs, mostly targeting Pump.fun"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sandwich bots extracted about $29.7 million before costs from Solana trades over an 11-month period, according to blockchain data provider Bitquery. It found 96% of detected attacks on memecoin platform Pump.fun's launch curve and its PumpSwap exchange.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/bitquery.io\/investigations\/solana-sandwich-attacks\">investigation<\/a>, covering successful swaps, counted 6,850,144 attacks by 2,545 bot wallets affecting 2,154,994 distinct wallets between October 30, 2025, and October 7, 2026. Those addresses do not represent a count of individual people: other bots' trades accounted for 39% of the estimated gross take.<\/p>\n<p>A sandwich places a bot's purchase and sale around another trader's swap. The first purchase raises the pool price; the intervening buyer receives fewer tokens, and the bot sells into the higher price. The cost reaches the trader through execution, even when the swap completes successfully.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"cs-article-embed\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/a-tiny-cluster-of-solana-bots-unlocked-a-3x-trading-advantage-by-routing-through-one-proprietary-protocol\/\" class=\"cs-article-embed__link\">\n        <div class=\"cs-article-embed__body\">\n            <span class=\"cs-article-embed__related-reading\">Related Reading<\/span>\n            <h3 class=\"cs-article-embed__title\">A tiny cluster of Solana bots unlocked a 3x trading advantage by routing through one proprietary protocol<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <span class=\"cs-article-embed__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <i class=\"fa-light fa-arrow-up-right\"><\/i>\n        <\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2>Wide slippage marked greater exposure<\/h2>\n<p>Among trades sent by swap router Jupiter through Pump.fun's launch curve or PumpSwap, trades allowing 20%\u201350% slippage were sandwiched 14 times as often as those allowing under 3%, Bitquery found.<\/p>\n<p>Slippage tolerance sets how far execution can depart from a quote. Jupiter's documentation describes a <a href=\"https:\/\/developers.jup.ag\/docs\/guides\/how-to-build-a-custom-swap-with-metis\">minimum acceptable output<\/a> after applying that tolerance. A price move beyond the limit can cause a swap to fail; a wider limit permits a worse fill. That creates a tradeoff between completing a volatile trade and limiting the price concession accepted along the way.<\/p>\n<p>The observed attack rates did not rise uniformly with every wider setting. Trades below 0.5% tolerance were hit more often than those at 1%\u20133%, while the 50%-or-more band was hit less often than the 20%\u201350% band.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/exec-d29e5daf-b5c1-4400-ad18-914abdd705c7.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter shoggoth-infographic shoggoth-infographic-portrait wp-image-571252\" src=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/exec-d29e5daf-b5c1-4400-ad18-914abdd705c7.png\" alt=\"Bitquery observed sandwich victim rates per 10,000 Jupiter swaps through Pump.fun or PumpSwap, October 30, 2025\u2013October 7, 2026: exact quote 36; under 0.5% slippage 27; 0.5%\u20131% 17; 1%\u20133% 8; 3%\u201310% 44; 10%\u201320% 87; 20%\u201350% 148; 50% or more 33. Observational comparison; lower tolerance does not guarantee protection.\" width=\"720\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/exec-d29e5daf-b5c1-4400-ad18-914abdd705c7.png 1122w, https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/exec-d29e5daf-b5c1-4400-ad18-914abdd705c7-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/exec-d29e5daf-b5c1-4400-ad18-914abdd705c7-819x1024.png 819w, https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/exec-d29e5daf-b5c1-4400-ad18-914abdd705c7-768x960.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The slippage comparison is observational and covers Jupiter routes through Pump.fun's launch curve or PumpSwap. Jupiter carried only a small share of all victim trades in the investigation.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"cs-article-embed\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/solanas-300ms-speed-boost-to-outrun-trading-bots-might-come-with-a-hidden-cost\/\" class=\"cs-article-embed__link\">\n        <div class=\"cs-article-embed__body\">\n            <span class=\"cs-article-embed__related-reading\">Related Reading<\/span>\n            <h3 class=\"cs-article-embed__title\">Solana\u2019s 300ms speed boost to outrun trading bots might come with a hidden cost<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <span class=\"cs-article-embed__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <i class=\"fa-light fa-arrow-up-right\"><\/i>\n        <\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>The $29.7 million estimate values SOL at the minute of each attack and does not measure net profit. In Bitquery's separate 63-attack fee sample, bots retained 68% of aggregate gross proceeds, and 18 attacks lost money after costs. That sample does not establish net earnings for the full period. The report also identifies inconsistent Pump.fun sale-fee recording that affects its gross estimate by about 3%.<\/p>\n<p>Bitquery used repeated trading patterns to identify bots, excluded round trips beginning in a token's first 10 slots, and reports gaps in exchange and block coverage. Chain records cannot prove a bot saw an order beforehand, and some qualifying wallets may be fast traders.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"cs-article-embed\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/solana-dex-volume-spike-hides-circular-trades-and-automated-bots-are-blamed\/\" class=\"cs-article-embed__link\">\n        <div class=\"cs-article-embed__body\">\n            <span class=\"cs-article-embed__related-reading\">Related Reading<\/span>\n            <h3 class=\"cs-article-embed__title\">Solana DEX volume spike hides circular trades, and automated bots are blamed<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <span class=\"cs-article-embed__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <i class=\"fa-light fa-arrow-up-right\"><\/i>\n        <\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>Slippage limits address the price a trader will accept. A separate <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2609.28115\">research preprint submitted September 23, 2026<\/a> examined protected order flow, meaning transactions intended to be shielded from front-running, across six blockchains. Its authors found sandwich patterns extending across trades and blocks and concluded these protections can offer weaker guarantees than users expect.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pump.fun&#8217;s launch curve and PumpSwap accounted for 96% of detected attacks in the study&#8217;s 11-month window.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1264,"featured_media":571279,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77968,77921,6849],"tags":[79212,79513,80424,75380],"post_folder":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.9 (Yoast SEO v21.9.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Solana sandwich bots took $29.7 M before costs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Solana sandwich bots extracted $29.7 million before costs, Bitquery estimates. 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