{"id":92401,"date":"2018-11-08T07:00:42","date_gmt":"2018-11-08T15:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/?p=92401"},"modified":"2019-12-14T01:41:04","modified_gmt":"2019-12-14T01:41:04","slug":"exclusive-interview-a-briefing-with-scott-stornetta-founding-father-of-blockchain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/exclusive-interview-a-briefing-with-scott-stornetta-founding-father-of-blockchain\/","title":{"rendered":"Exclusive Interview: A Briefing with Scott Stornetta, Founding Father of Blockchain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/coins\/bitcoin\/\">Bitcoin<\/a>, the archetypal blockchain, has for ten years waged technological warfare against corporate and state-run finance.\u00a0Yet for all the heads that have been turned in the tackling of such a gauntlet, it was, in fact, a far more elemental problem that spawned the search for blockchain.<\/p>\n<p>Since sketching out the fabled blockchain blueprints in 1991, two scientists have watched their contraption clear the runway and soar to loftier heights by the minute. Nearly three decades on, at the <a href=\"http:\/\/maltablockchainsummit.com\">Malta Blockchain Summit<\/a>, CryptoSlate talked to visionary scientist and blockchain co-creator <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/people\/w-scott-stornetta\/\">W. Scott Stornetta<\/a> in a reflection of his creation and its present trajectory.<\/p>\n<h2>The Genesis<\/h2>\n<p>As Stornetta wound up his doctorate at Stanford in the late 80s, the physicist looked beyond the unfurling, infantile IT infrastructure of the time and envisaged a world where documentation and data existed purely in electronic form.<\/p>\n<p>In that advanced, inevitable, yet not-so-distant digital world, he also saw something that would eventually become its plight\u2014an \u201cenormous problem\u201d that would take decades to be called by its true name. In 1989, he epiphanized:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;If we can\u2019t tell an old document from a new document, or a tampered one from an original, we\u2019re going to be in real trouble as a society. And so, I realized there was going to be a need to create tamper-proof, immutable records in the digits themselves.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>And when Stornetta fingered cryptography as part of the answer, the physicist swiftly sought out help from those in the know\u2014namely, mathematician and to-be long-time collaborator Stuart Haber\u2014and his collection of cryptographers at Bell Communications Research.<\/p>\n<h2>Blockchain: A Global Conspiracy<\/h2>\n<p>But as the group of scholars \u201ctook off to the races\u201d and in a few months devised a workable solution, much to the dissatisfaction of Stornetta, their newfangled system was trust-based.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_93021\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-93021\" style=\"width: 232px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-93021\" src=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/scott-stornetta-nate-whitehill-232x300.jpg\" alt=\"Nate Whitehill and W. Scott Stornetta\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/scott-stornetta-nate-whitehill-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/scott-stornetta-nate-whitehill.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-93021\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">CryptoSlate CEO Nate Whitehill meeting W. Scott Stornetta at the Malta Blockchain Summit<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The physicist already thirsted for the trust-less architecture now held up as one of blockchain\u2019s core tenets, yet Haber, with true academic rigor, suggested they first prove why trust was an essential component of any solution.<\/p>\n<p>What followed would make history.<\/p>\n<p>The pair realized that as each intermediary was drawn into the system to prevent collusion between existing parties, another would have to be added, and added, and added.<\/p>\n<p>The superior answer, for Stornetta, was a global affair where all participants in existence validated trust:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;The only way to solve it would be to have a conspiracy that involved everyone in the world, and then I realized that was in fact the solution. That these widely distributed records, where everyone becomes a witness, essentially, solved the problem by turning it on its head.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Having gone on to spawn the prototypical blockchain, co-author the time-honored, academic journal cited in Bitcoin\u2019s whitepaper:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.anf.es\/pdf\/Haber_Stornetta.pdf\"><em>How to Time-Stamp a Digital Document<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0and found the now-defunct Surety\u2014widely considered the world\u2019s first commercial blockchain service provider\u2014Stornetta has cultivated something of a god-like status amongst blockchain proponents, to whom he would impart a few words of wisdom.<\/p>\n<h2>Reaching Consensus<\/h2>\n<p>Nakamoto was evidently enamored by Stornetta and Haber\u2019s approach to time-stamping, and yet the brain behind Bitcoin tweaked their approach to forming a consensus\u2014substituting \u201cone man, one vote\u201d for the now-quintessential algorithm, Proof of Work (PoW)\u2014or as Stornetta explained it, \u201cone CPU, one vote\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>And while Stornetta would tip his hat in \u201chonest admiration\u201d to the pseudonymous creator, he seemed far from hailing Bitcoin as the ultimate blockchain.<\/p>\n<p>The philosophically decentralized nature of Satoshi\u2019s mining consensus, he explained, had been jeopardized by industrial-grade mining pools capturing <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/bitmain-mines-42-of-all-bitcoin-blocks\/\">vast quantities of block reward<\/a>s, all as the network\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/bitcoin-mining-could-soon-be-a-windy-affair\/\">resource consumption<\/a> skyrocketed. To that end, he noted:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;I don\u2019t think we need to view what [Satoshi is] doing as the final word so much as the opening act. We can have so much of the benefit of the blockchain without today\u2019s onerous consensus mechanisms as we currently see in play.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>To step towards his ideal consensus\u2014one where cost becomes negligible to the system\u2014Stornetta posed three questions to progressive blockchain architects; questions that, when answered, he believed would open up an \u201cenormously large design space for innovation\u201d.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Where should the computation be done?<br \/>\nWho should have the governance?<br \/>\nWho should be incentivized and for what?&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/products\/steemit\/\">Steemit<\/a>, for example, took a \u201cfar more human-friendly\u201d approach to consensus than PoW in Stornetta\u2019s books; offering an alternative, more \u201corthogonal\u201d solution by having users vote on the value added by other participants.<\/p>\n<h2>The Future of Decentralized Economies<\/h2>\n<p>With 2,100 <a href=\"https:\/\/coinmarketcap.com\/\">listed<\/a> cryptocurrencies and counting, many blockchain proponents would be all-too-familiar with the widely predicted\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/more-than-600-cryptocurrencies-dead-as-bitcoin-approaches-75-retracement\/\">crypto-culling<\/a> akin to the dot-com bubble-burst.<\/p>\n<p>Stornetta, however, sees their eruptive creation in a decidedly more optimistic light.<\/p>\n<p>He explained that \u201cthe verdict is out\u201d on the winners, and that current or emerging cryptocurrencies will become \u201cincreasingly viable\u201d as they, quite literally, begin to give central banks a run for their money. He continued:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;[Cryptocurrencies are] like a do-it-yourself federal reserve kit; that\u2019s now shipping to all sorts of developers around the world. Someone\u2019s going to get it right.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Stornetta, ever the impartial academic, didn't seem partial to picking any potential champions, but he did give the thumbs-up to security tokens as the &#8220;successor, next-generation&#8221; version of present-day cryptocurrency.<\/p>\n<p>The veteran scientist wouldn\u2019t be welcoming everyone aboard the blockchain bandwagon, however.<\/p>\n<p>To anyone attempting to use the technology to reinvent the wheel, or perhaps more spuriously copy and paste centralized solutions onto the blockchain, Stornetta counseled that value creation and a &#8220;little humility&#8221; were surefire ingredients for success. He surmised:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;The real issue is: how do I create value? Not: how do I get a billion people to do something. Because, if you can find a small or modest-sized problem where you can really bring value creation by decentralizing, then people are going to be interested.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The top blockchains of today didn't get a free pass from Stornetta either; the founding father discouraging anyone from declaring status as &#8220;the incumbent&#8221; and resting on their laurels.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;There's a need to continue to innovate&#8221;, he suggested, giving the nod of approval to efforts such as Bitcoin's Lightning network and the seemingly interminable development of <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/coins\/ethereum\/\">Ethereum<\/a>\u2014both of which would extend their rule over the more spritely, lean competitors of tomorrow.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bitcoin, the archetypal blockchain, has for ten years waged technological warfare against corporate and state-run finance.\u00a0Yet for all the heads that have been turned in the tackling of such a gauntlet, it was, in fact, a far more elemental problem that spawned the search for blockchain. Since sketching out the fabled blockchain blueprints in 1991, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":175,"featured_media":116653,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10085,29],"tags":[],"prediction_market_topic":[],"post_folder":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.9 (Yoast SEO v21.9.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Exclusive Interview: A Briefing with Scott Stornetta, Founding Father of Blockchain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CryptoSlate talked to visionary scientist and blockchain co-creator W. 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