{"id":98603,"date":"2019-02-26T19:06:09","date_gmt":"2019-02-27T03:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/?p=98603"},"modified":"2026-04-25T06:00:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T05:00:09","slug":"an-era-of-centralized-cryptocurrencies-and-blockchains-binances-dex-and-jpm-coin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/an-era-of-centralized-cryptocurrencies-and-blockchains-binances-dex-and-jpm-coin\/","title":{"rendered":"An Era of Centralized Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains: Binance&#8217;s DEX and JPM Coin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The launch of Binance\u2019s decentralized exchange and JP Morgan's proprietary cryptocurrency, JPM Coin, have raised fundamental questions about where the crypto industry is headed. Both products fall short of traditional definitions of decentralization, and instead, stake territory somewhere between the Facebooks and the <a href=\"https:\/\/bitcoin.org\/\">Bitcoins<\/a> of the Internet.<\/p>\n<h2>JPM Coin and the Definition of Cryptocurrency<\/h2>\n<p>When JP Morgan\u2019s JPM Coin was first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpmorgan.com\/global\/news\/digital-coin-payments\">launched<\/a> on Feb. 14, 2019, pundits from mainstream media outlets <a href=\"https:\/\/www.barrons.com\/articles\/jpmorgan-chases-digital-coin-plan-just-killed-the-bitcoin-dream-51550160197?mod=bol-social-tw\">labeled<\/a> it the \u201cBitcoin Killer.\u201d The hyperbolic title indeed earned a ton of clicks, but a deeper dive into the technology reveals it has little in common with the pioneer cryptocurrency.<\/p>\n<p>There is also added hypocrisy when it comes to the CEO of JP Morgan, Jamie Dimon, going from calling bitcoin a \u201cfraud\u201d and then later retracing these statements. He later <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/e04e359a-e9e9-3f8e-8e2f-3f4373e5efb0\">regretted<\/a> his earlier comments on Jan. 2018 and admitted that \u201cblockchain is the real deal.\u201d With JPM Coin, Dimon may have come full circle, but crypto commentators seem wary to welcome him into the community.<\/p>\n<p>Since its launch, JPM Coin has been heavily critiqued for not being a cryptocurrency. <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/people\/brad-garlinghouse\/\">Brad Garlinghouse<\/a>, the CEO of <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/companies\/ripple\/\">Ripple<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/bgarlinghouse\/status\/1096118363506434048\">commented<\/a> that the closed network model of JPM Coin \u201cmisses the point\u201d of what Bitcoin set out to achieve more than a decade ago.<\/p>\n<p>In 2016, Garlinghouse <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/case-against-bankcoin-brad-garlinghouse\/\">predicted<\/a> the rise of \u201cBankCoins,\u201d but ultimately concluded that a bank-issued digital asset would \u201crecreate today\u2019s system but [add] more friction.\u201d If every bank were to create their own digital asset and then wanted to transact with one another, they would have to one again make markets thus obliterating any efficiency gained from using a digital token.<\/p>\n<p>Although Ripple\u2019s CEO makes an interesting point, he is also highly-incentivized to prevent the rise of BankCoins. Ripple\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/coins\/xrp\/\">XRP<\/a>, like JPM Coin, serves a very similar markets. Both are positioned to improve the money transfer and both report instantaneous bank payments between clients.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"und\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/k4CgHMe3GV\">pic.twitter.com\/k4CgHMe3GV<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Jerry Brito (@jerrybrito) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jerrybrito\/status\/1096079847460405248?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 14, 2019<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>The more important point is the ways in which JPM Coin falls short of what the industry has come to understand as a \u2018cryptocurrency.\u2019 In essence, JPM Coin is a digitized IOU only available to institutional clients of the bank. The only purpose it serves, along with Ripple\u2019s XRP, is to reduce \u201cthe typical settlement time\u2026 when one client sends money to another\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpmorgan.com\/global\/news\/digital-coin-payments\">according<\/a> to the bank.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, Bitcoin is backed by an open protocol of distributed network of miners, nodes, and users\u2014anyone is free to participate. JPM Coin is backed by the US Dollar and only approved nodes (likely owned by JP Morgan) can verify the state of the native blockchain. These nodes are approved by the bank and appear to run contrary to the disintermediation the space has championed since the advent of blockchain technologies.<\/p>\n<p>An FT Alphaville journalist, Jemima Kelly, even <a href=\"https:\/\/ftalphaville.ft.com\/2019\/02\/14\/1550156933000\/JPMorgan-jumps-on-the-stablecoin-bland-wagon-\/\">speculated<\/a> if a blockchain is needed in the first place then \u201csome might argue JPM Coin already exists and that it\u2019s just a JPM deposit by another name.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Binance\u2019s DEX and the Definition of Decentralization<\/h2>\n<p>The highly-anticipated decentralized exchange from Binance <a href=\"https:\/\/www.binance.com\/en\/blog\/304867000443084800\/Binance-Launches-DEX-Testnet-for-the-New-Era-of-PeertoPeer-Cryptocurrency-Trading\">launched<\/a> their testnet on Feb. 20, 2019. The \u201cdecentralized order-matching engine\u201d will reportedly allow traders to retain their private keys and create a private wallet on the platform.<\/p>\n<p>As the exchange <a href=\"https:\/\/support.binance.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360010790652-Binance-Acquires-Trust-Wallet-A-Secure-Mobile-Crypto-Wallet\">acquired<\/a> Trust Wallet in July of 2018, wallet generation will not be a problem. Transfer fees between on-chain transfers are paid with a flat fee of 0.01 <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/coins\/bnb\/\">BNB<\/a>, Binance\u2019s native token. The DEX, however, does <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/cz_binance\/status\/1089422815730659328\">claim<\/a> \u201c1 second block generation time, 1 confirmation is final, [and] thousands of transactions per second throughput.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Considering the number of decentralized exchanges already available, the Binance DEX indeed looks to be an improvement. It offers low transfer fees, on-chain transactions, and incredible speed. But, much like JPM Coin, there are potential drawbacks.<\/p>\n<p>The \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.stackexchange.com\/questions\/64500\/the-blockchain-trilemma\">Blockchain Trilemma<\/a>\u201d is an idea that has spread through the crypto community since both Bitcoin and <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/coins\/ethereum\/\">Ethereum\u2019s<\/a> scalability issues from 2017. The Trilemma states that a blockchain can only achieve two of the following traits at any one time: decentralization, security, and scalability.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">The Binance &quot;DEX&quot; is as much a DEX as JPM coin is a cryptocurrency. \u00af_(\u30c4)_\/\u00af<\/p>\n<p>&mdash; WhalePanda (@WhalePanda) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/WhalePanda\/status\/1098168819045019650?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 20, 2019<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>An exchange that can perform 1,000 transactions per second is likely cutting corners on decentralization; If decentralization is defined by the number of nodes in a network, then Bitcoin has <a href=\"https:\/\/bitnodes.earn.com\/\">10, 516<\/a> nodes operating, Ethereum reports <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ethernodes.org\/network\/1\">9,091<\/a>, and XRP Ledger has <a href=\"https:\/\/xrpcharts.ripple.com\/#\/topology\">1094<\/a> nodes at the time of press.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, the Binance DEX launched with 11 validator nodes, all of which were pre-selected by Binance.<\/p>\n<p>By reducing the number of nodes monitoring a blockchain, networks can also reduce the time required to verify the validity of a transaction. This is part of why Bitcoin can get clogged with transactions and how XRP Ledger, in some ways, addresses this problem.<\/p>\n<p>In an <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/CoinistPodcast\/status\/1097845180349198336\">interview<\/a> with Luke Martin, a well-known crypto trader, Changpeng Zhao did, however, contend that the pre-approved 11 validator nodes that verify Binance Chain (and thus the DEX) cannot be controlled by Binance. He also reported that once the network is fully operational Binance allegedly \u201ccan\u2019t shut down the network.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Minimal Viable Decentralization<\/h2>\n<p>Both JPM Coin and the Binance DEX appear to avoid classification of cryptocurrency and decentralization. JPM Coin can be construed as an internal place holder for JP Morgan account balances and Binance's DEX pushes the boundaries of what is considered a decentralized exchange through its handful of nodes.<\/p>\n<p>What both of these products also appear to share is the ability to capitalize on the free marketing and hype generated by the crypto space.<\/p>\n<p>That said, a more optimistic alternative for evaluating decentralization would be to <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@jbackus\/minimum-viable-decentralization-d813dcf653fc\">apply<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/john-backus-96bb8862\/\">John Backus\u2019<\/a> theory of \u201cminimal viable decentralization.\u201d In a Medium post, the co-founder of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/hellobloom\/\">Bloom<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/cognitohq.com\/\">Cognito<\/a>\u00a0touches on the tradeoffs that come whenever a firm attempts to decentralize a product. According to him, establishing <em>where<\/em> to decentralize is just as important decentralizing in the first place. This means keeping in mind which market segment the company is attempting to capture.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cLike any software,\u201d Backus writes, \u201cusers flock to the product that gives them what they want.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>If those users demand the instantaneous bank transfers that JPM Coin offers, does it matter if JPM Coin is not technically a cryptocurrency? Similarily, if traders shift over to Binance\u2019s DEX and the platform sees record-high trading volume and liquidity, is it important that it is not fully decentralized? Definitions of cryptocurrency, decentralization, and many other aspects of blockchain are loosely defined and depend on the perceptions of users.<\/p>\n<p>Consequently, the definition of decentralization will land squarely in the hands of whichever firm attracts the most use. If that\u2019s Bitcoin, then Satoshi Nakamoto\u2019s vision, spawned out of the wreckage of the financial crisis, will thrive. If not, and if BankCoins and seemingly centralized exchanges attract more users, then that raises questions about the decentralization movement that has taken place over the last ten years.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The launch of Binance\u2019s decentralized exchange and JP Morgan&#8217;s proprietary cryptocurrency, JPM Coin, have raised fundamental questions about where the crypto industry is headed. Both products fall short of traditional definitions of decentralization, and instead, stake territory somewhere between the Facebooks and the Bitcoins of the Internet. JPM Coin and the Definition of Cryptocurrency When [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":136,"featured_media":98612,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,120,77472,39],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.9 (Yoast SEO v21.9.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>An Era of Centralized Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains: Binance&#039;s DEX and JPM Coin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The launch of Binance\u2019s DEX and JP Morgan&#039;s cryptocurrency, JPM Coin, have raised fundamental questions about where the crypto industry is headed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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